1. VOCABULARY
1. Masculine nouns ending in -a
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dhamma
|
the doctrine, truth
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bhatta
|
rice
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odana
|
cooked rice
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g±ma
|
village
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suriya
|
sun
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canda
|
moon
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kukkura / sunakha / soºa
|
dog
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vih±ra
|
monastery
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patta
|
bowl
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±v±µa
|
pit
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pabbata
|
mountain
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y±caka
|
beggar
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sig±la
|
jackal
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rukkha
|
tree
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Verbs
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harati
|
carries, take away
|
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±harati
|
brings
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±ruhati
|
climbs, ascends
|
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oruhati
|
descends
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y±cati
|
begs
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khaºati
|
digs
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vijjhati
|
shoots
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paharati
|
hits, strikes
|
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rakkhati
|
protects
|
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vandati
|
worships, salutes
|
2. Declension of masculine nouns ending in -a (contd.)
Accusative case: The case ending -½ is added to the nominal base to form the accusative singular number. The case ending -e is added to the nominal base to form the accusative case plural number. A noun thus inflected is used as the object of a sentence. The goal of motion is also expressed by the accusative case.
Singular
1. nara + ½ = nara½
2. m±tula + ½ = m±tula½
3. kassaka + ½ = kassaka½
Plural
nara + e = nare
m±tula + e = m±tule
kassaka + e = kassake
3. Examples in sentence formation
Singular
1. Putto nara½ passati - The son sees the man.
2. Br±hmaºo m±tula½ rakkhati -The brahmin protects the uncle.
3. V±ºijo kassaka½ paharati - The merchant hits the farmer.
Plural
1. Putt± nare passanti - Sons see men.
2. Br±hmaº± m±tule rakkhanti - Brahmins protect uncles.
3. V±ºij± kassake paharanti - Merchants hit farmers.
Exercise 2
4. Translate into English
1. Tath±gato dhamma½ bh±sati.
2. Br±hmaº± odana½ bhuñjanti.
3. Manusso suriya½ passati.
4. Kum±r± sig±le paharanti.
5. Y±cak± bhatta½ y±canti.
6. Kassak± ±v±µe khaºanti.
7. Mitto g±ma½ ±gacchati.
8. Bh³p±lo manusse rakkhati.
9. Putt± pabbata½ gacchanti.
10. Kum±ro Buddha½ vandati.
11. V±ºij± patte ±haranti.
12. Puriso vih±ra½ gacchati.
13. Kukkur± pabbata½ dh±vanti.
14. Sig±l± g±ma½ ±gacchanti.
15. Br±hmaº± sah±yake ±haranti.
16. Bh³p±l± sugata½ vandanti.
17. Y±cak± sayanti.
18. Mitt± sunakhe haranti.
19. Putto canda½ passati.
20. Kassako g±ma½ dh±vati.
21. V±ºij± rukkhe chindanti.
º 22. Naro sig±la½ vijjhati.
23. Kum±ro odana½ bhuñjati.
24. Y±cako soºa½ paharati.
25. Sah±yak± pabbate ±ruhanti.
5. Translate into P±li
1. Men go to the monastery.
2. Farmers climb mountains.
3. The brahmin eats rice.
4. The Buddha sees the boys.
5. Uncles take away bowls.
6. The son protects the dog.
7. The king worships the Buddha.
8. The merchant brings a boy.
9. Friends salute the brahmin.
10. Beggars beg rice.
11. Merchants shoot jackals.
12. Boys climb the mountain.
13. The farmer runs to the village.
14. The merchant cooks rice.
15. Sons worship the uncle.
16. Kings protect men.
17. The Buddha comes to the monastery.
18. The men descend.
19. Farmers dig pits.
20. The merchant runs.
21. The dog sees the moon.
22. Boys climb trees.
23. The brahmin brings the bowl.
24. The beggar sleeps.
25. The king sees the Buddha.
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